The Extended File Allocation Table, commonly known as exFAT, is a file system developed by Microsoft that was introduced in 2006. It was designed to address several of the key limitations inherent in earlier FAT file systems, such as FAT12, FAT16, and especially FAT32. As storage technologies advanced in the early 2000s—particularly with the rise…
Introduction The process of booting a computer—the transition from a powered-off machine to a fully functional operating system—is governed by a set of foundational standards. One of the most historically significant among these is the Master Boot Record (MBR) boot method. Introduced in 1983 with IBM PC DOS 2.0, MBR became the dominant partitioning and…
In the ever-changing world of computing, boot systems and partitioning schemes have played a critical role in determining how operating systems interface with hardware. Two key concepts—Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) and GUID Partition Table (GPT)—have transformed how modern systems start up and manage storage devices. Although they are often mentioned together, UEFI and GPT…
In today’s connected world, access to reliable, high-speed internet has evolved from a luxury into a necessity. With the increasing demand for uninterrupted connectivity—driven by remote work, smart homes, online learning, streaming, and gaming—having strong WiFi coverage throughout a home or business space is essential. However, standard WiFi routers often struggle to cover large or…
In the age of smart TVs, smart phones, tablets and connected appliances, a reliable and strong internet connection is not just a luxury; it’s a necessity. From remote work to online gaming, video conferencing, smart homes, and streaming, a stable WiFi signal is foundational to how we live and work. However, not all areas in…
Wireless networking refers to the method of connecting devices to a local area network (LAN) or the internet without physical cables. Traditional wireless networks have relied on Wi-Fi routers to broadcast signals, allowing laptops, smartphones, tablets, and smart devices to connect to the internet. However, this model has inherent limitations: To address these limitations, mesh…
Switches are the backbone of modern computer networks, helping direct data packets to their destinations within local area networks (LANs). These devices function at Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model, where they intelligently route traffic between devices connected to the same network. Among the various types of switches available in the market,…
Network switches are a fundamental part of any modern computer network. They manage the flow of data across devices, ensuring that packets of information are efficiently delivered to their intended destinations. There are two main types of switches: managed switches and unmanaged switches. Both have their respective roles, but they differ significantly in terms of…
In modern networking, the term managed switch refers to a type of network switch that provides extensive control over the data traffic that flows through the switch. These switches are designed to allow network administrators to configure, manage, and monitor the network in more granular ways than their unmanaged counterparts. Managed switches are used in…
In modern enterprise networks, technologies like VPN (Virtual Private Network) and VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) are indispensable for ensuring network security, efficiency, and scalability. While both VPN and VLAN are integral to managing network traffic, securing communication, and enhancing network architecture, they serve different purposes and operate in distinct ways. This article explores the…